History Of Indonesian Batik

Traditional Batik historically derived from Indonesian ancestors, known since 17th century, first recorded batik was written and painted on palm leaves with main pattern and picture were dominated with the form of animals and plants. But in its development the painting patterns from animals and plants gradually turn to the more abstract patterns, that resembles clouds, temple engraving, or other javanese traditional art such as wayang beber. Furthermore, it continues to evolve to the batik as we know it today.

Derived from the Javanese Batik 'Amba' which means writing and 'titik' which means dots. The word 'amba' refers to fabrics with batik patterns generated by the wax materials are applied to the fabric, and dotting is the dominant painting technique in batik designs.

In the old Javanese kingdom, batik is identical with woman beauty and was used in measuring the beauty of the princess with her versatility in making batik using canting.

Canthing is one tool to write on batik cloth using wax. Until the discovery of 'batik stamping' style which allows the entry of men into the batik production, technically batik canthing only for kingdom princess.

In the beginning Batik only restricted for palace family and only wore for royal families. Because many of the royal servants lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought out from the palace starting as an exclusive art of painting for rich family, and thus begins to spread to commoner which uses their own homespun fabric, and begins to be a hobby in the young Indonesian woman.

In the old tradition, batik painter should not be carelessly poured his inspiration on the fabric. Before batik painter handwritten the pattern to the paper, first the painter should do a little rituals like fasting and reading mantra, a special Hindu praying to worship God. And after batik sheet finished, the painter should do a closing ritual.

Yet the history of batik in fact contain a very high art value to Indonesian. Parang Rusak batik for example, actually was a sacred batik patterns used only in the palace environment. Similarly, the color and pattern of batik Parang Rusak may determine the origin of the palace the wearer, whether from the Palace of Solo or Palace of Jogja.

History Of Indonesian Culture

As early as the seventh century, powerful Buddhist and Hindu empires challenged each other for supremacy in Indonesia: the Buddhist Srivijaya were centered in Sumatra, while the Hindu Mataram located their capital on Java. The rich architectural and cultural legacy that remains from that time forms the basis for Indonesia's national identity. In the thirteenth century, the Hindu Majapahit of Java faced a strong challenge from Muslim forces, which spread south from the Malay peninsula. Slowly losing ground, the Hindus retreated to Bali, where they remain today. The rest of the islands became Muslim, and various sultanates were established.

The sixteenth century marked the arrival of the Portuguese, the first Europeans in Indonesia. Although the Portuguese broke the Islamic hold on Indonesia, they were eventually displaced in turn by the Dutch, who named the area the Dutch East Indies. Although a revolt led by Javanese Prince Diponegoro in 1825 briefly threatened Holland's empire, Dutch rule continued until W.W.II and invasion by the Japanese. The Indonesian revolutionary nationalist movement, led by Sukarno, welcomed the Japanese as a potential force of liberation, and at the war's end the movement embarked upon a bloody war of independence against the restored Dutch rule. Although the war dragged on for four long years, from 1945-1949, the independence movement was ultimately victorious.

Turmoil characterized the first decade of Indonesian independence, until in 1957 Sukarno unified power in his own person. An attempted coup against Sukarno in 1965 brought renewed turmoil; however, the army led by General Suharto restored order and initiated a purge of communists. Eventually Suharto eased Sukarno out of the presidency and assumed office himself. Suharto's rule ushered in a period of stability and economic development.

Indonesia's varied past has produced a remarkable array of vibrant cultures,making it one of the world's most diverse and fascinating travel destinations. Today, Indonesia is the fifth most populous nation on Earth, with over 180 million citizens comprising over 300 ethnicities. Most Indonesians are of Malay or Polynesian descent, though the country's history has produced minority populations from India, China, Arabia, and Persia, as well as from European colonial powers such as Portugal, Holland, Spain, and England.

Although primarily a Muslim nation, Indonesia is marked by wide religious tolerance. Hinduism thrives on Bali, and Christianity has a significant presence on Flores, Timor, and several other islands. Indonesians speak numerous languages and dialects, but the common language is Bahasa Indonesia. English and Dutch are also widely spoken.

The Ancient Chinese Culture And The Historic Buildings

China has its thousands of year old civilization giving the historians, archaeologists and architects and opportunity to start an endless study. The diversified Chinese architecture is a pearl of this world, and is one of those rare civilizations in the world who used architecture as a symbol to represent a nation. China is full of diverse ancient architecture; following are the 10 historic buildings of China which are not to be missed if you ever get a chance to visit this amazing region of this world.

The Palace Museum (The Forbidden City)

The Forbidden city lies in the heart of the capital city of China, in Beijing and is also called Gu Gong in local Chinese language. It was the imperial palace during the two dynasties of Ming and Qing. This palace is the most famous location to visit amongst tourists in China. This is also considered to be the world’s largest palace, covers an area of 72 hectares and is triangular in shape.

Potala Palace

The Potala Palace is situated on the red hill of Lhasa in Tibet. It is about 117 meters in height and approximately 360 meters in width. The palace comprises of two main buildings, the White palace is the administrative building and the red palace is the religious building. The Potala palace is famous all over the world because of its complex structures, gigantic architecture and beautiful artwork and illustrations.

Summer Palace

The summer palace is located 15 kilometers away from the capital city of Beijing on the western side near the Haidian District. The palace is more like a garden, not like other normal gardens but one of the world’s most beautiful gardens. This palace is another example of Chinese architecture, with magnificently constructed buildings, decorated with beautiful illustrations.

Yongle Palace

Longhu Palace, Sanqing Place, Chunyang Palace, Chongyang palace are collectively called Yongle Palace. The Yongel Palace covers up an area of about 80,000 square meters. The Sanqing Palace is the main part of the Yongle palace with the best artwork and was painted in the Yuan Dynasty.

Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

Located in Lishan, 30 kilometer to the east of Xi’an, Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor is also called Qin Shihuang. The Terracotta Warriors Vault and the Bronze Horses Vault were also discovered here and recently more of such vaults have been discovered.

Qian Mausoleum

The Emperor Gaozong and the Empress Wu were buried together in the same tomb here in Qianling Mausoleum, which is one reason for Qianling Mausoleum to be famous worldwide. The Qianling Mausoleum covers an area of about 600 meters.

Zhaozhou Bridge

This Bridge is also called the Great Stone Bridge and is about 1400 years old. The Zhaozhu Bridge due its importance in Chinese history is well protected by the government. The bridge is about 64.4 meters long and 9.6 meters wide. The bridge was designed so strong and was so elegantly carved with treasure posts that these carvings are still easily visible and the bridge has withstood all the climate changes in the past 1400 years.

Yellow Crane Tower

This is one of the world’s most impressive and beautiful architecture ever seen. The Yellow Crane Tower lies at the border of the Yangtze River at the top of the snake hill and has become an important tourist sight in the past few years. The eaves are formed on each floor which makes it to look like a gigantic bird ready to fly. The roof of this tower is decorated with thousands of yellow glazed tiles, which makes the tower look even more beautiful at night.

Yueyang Pavilion

The Yueyang Pavillion is about 15 meters high and is a three storey building, the best and the strangest feature of this building is that no other material except wood has been used to construct it and no nails were used during the construction which indeed makes it a rare piece of architecture. When seen from a greater distance, this Pavilion also looks like a bird spreading its wings and ready to fly because of the projection of the huge eaves on each floor.

Songyue Pagoda

This is the oldest temple in China. The main body and the pedestal both have twelve sides, rendering it the most distinct features in Chinese architecture. Songyue temple Pagoda is also considered to be the earliest constructed multi-eave pagoda. The shape of this marvelous piece of architecture is parabola giving it a very graceful look when seen from a distance.

Beautiful Night And Day Fun At Tenerife

Tenerife belongs to the group of islands called the Canary Islands; it is the largest of the islands in the group. The other islands are smaller in size such as La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro. It has lushness all around with the highest peak being the El Teide volcano which is clearly visible from all over the island. This volcano boasts of being Spain’s highest mountain with a very different landscape that supports micro climates which means moderate temperature of 23 degrees C all year round. This pleasant climate makes it very attractive to millions of visitors, especially Europeans, every year.

Sun-filled offering

Tenerife is ideal for beach lovers as there is the constant moderate climate that encourages all beach lovers to stay long hours on the beaches which are golden and sandy. Alternatively, one can choose to explore the many varieties of tropical fauna and flora that are found in the national parks here. These national parks are not only beautiful with its fauna and flora but are also very well maintained and educational. Some of the more renowned ones are Teide, Anaga, Caorono Forestal Natura and Teno Rural Park. Even the naturally arid and earthly landscape all around Teide volcano makes the place so impressive and virgin; it was the perfect site for the shooting of the movie, ‘One Million Years BC’ which became a blockbuster on the Hollywood movie listing.

There are theme parks to entertain the whole family while exhibition halls of interesting displays draw the intellectuals and the curious. The island also offers movies in the local cinemas for those who like to enjoy some entertainment without the rush while museums are a favorite with those who like to understand more of the culture and history of the place.

Nightlife and gastronomy

There is never a dull moment at Tenerife; the visitors will be thoroughly occupied during the day when the sun brings the glow on the beach and then with the historical sights while at night, they can enjoy the cool of the night with the great night activities in store at various spots like Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz, Las Americas and La Laguna.

The locals play an important role in drawing in more visitors as they practice openness and warm hospitality with plenty of charm. Not a second fiddle is definitely the delicious local cuisine that is a combination of Spanish, Latin American and African recipes. Some hot favorites are Papas Arrugadas which are wrinkled potatoes, Mojo-sauced salted fish and Potaje de Berros, chick pea stew that is served hot. Of courseHealth Fitness Articles, there are always the Spanish tapas available anywhere on the island.

Recover Raw Drive With Your Windows

Every one of us, one day or another, woke up the morning, and start his pc, try to access his data in his hard drive and it's impossible, file system raw, or raw drive is not a windows recognized filesystem. What's worse, is your files are gone, if you right click the drive, it shows file system raw and disk space 0 bytes. So my files are gone for ever? Or there is a method to get them back?If it's possible how can I retrieve them?

After be confronted to this problem normally your first question is what is a raw file system? Is easy. It's simply a disk partition that has not been formatted with a file system, neither fat nor ntfs or your partition is missing fat allocation table or master boot sector damaged.

You os may ask you to format the partition to make it recognizable disk for operating system "don't ever do it". You must try to recover your data or fix your partition without formatting. You must try to recover your data or fix your partition without formatting. 90% of person who gets this problem, format there drive directly and lose a big amount of data and spend a lot of money to restore it.

To recover your data it's absolutely free you don't need any extra tool with expensive price,you just need your copy of windows and just 1 min of your time to fix the problem.

To fix the problem insert your cd of windows and go to start/execute/cmd,and write this chkdsk d: /f d: is the name of your partition and press enter and the work is done.

Raw file systems problem can occur in any time and without alert so now you can face it without any fear of losing anything.

Top 10 tips and tricks for Windows Vista

1.Explore the new Windows Vista start menu.

Looking for specific applications, Web sites, and e-mails is faster than ever with the streamlined Windows Vista start menu. To find a specific application or file, click the Windows key on the keyboard (or open the start menu) and enter the file name in the Instant Search field. As you type, Windows Vista dynamically searches filenames, metadata, and the full text of all files and displays the choices by file type. For example, type “out� to find Microsoft® Outlook®.

2. Discover the new search explorer.

Try filtering by type using the search pane and selecting Documents. Next choose to see your files in another way, via the new stack view. Select the author column header control drop down menu, and choose the option to Stack by author. Explore all the documents by a particular author by double clicking on an author’s stack. Now, save that search as a new search folder. Choose the option Save Search found on the top command bar and name and save your search folder. In the future, to
re-run it, simply select the Searches folder link on the left side navigation pane, and double click on your search folder.

3. Experience the enhanced user interface.

If your PC supports the Windows® Aero™ user experience, open multiple files and see how easy it is to locate the right open window using the breakthrough Windows Flip (simply ALT+TAB) or Flip 3D (Windows key+TAB).

4. Browse multiple Web sites.

Tabbed browsing in Internet Explorer® 7 enables a single Internet Explorer window to run with the convenience of multiple pages. Open a new page by clicking the empty tab on the toolbar or by right-clicking any hyperlink and choosing New Tab. Tabs can also be right-clicked to refresh individual pages or refresh pages as a group. You can close either individual tabs or an entire group, and you can save tabs as one favorite group. With the Quick Tabs feature, the icon just to the right of the Favorites icon, thumbnail images of all open tabs can be seen in a single view helping you manage multiple open tabs.

5.Print picture perfect Web content.

Most Web sites are simply not formatted to fit cleanly on a standard piece of paper. With the new shrink to fit printing feature found in Internet Explorer 7 Web sites will no longer get cut off when sent to the printer.

6. Collaborate with a co-worker.

Want an easy way to share files and applications with a colleague or customer—even when you may not be part of the same network? Windows Meeting Space is a new experience in Windows Vista that enables you to start an impromptu collaboration session with other Windows Vista users. Simply open Windows Meeting Space and start a session. Windows Vista will automatically detect other Windows Vista users that are on the same sub-net infrastructure or close enough for you to create an
ad hoc (direct PC-to-PC connection) wireless connection. Once you have invited them and they have accepted,
you can share documents by simply dragging a document to the Handouts area on the bottom right which instantly replicates that file across the other meeting participants’ machines. Dragging the file to the presentation area on the left side starts application sharing, enabling the other participants to watch as you present that file. If someone has a good edit for your file, you can make that edit in real time, or pass control of the application directly to that participant for them to make that edit for you.

7. Share a folder or file directly from your PC.

Windows Vista improves on the Windows network folder sharing experience first introduced with Windows XP by giving you more flexibility in what you can share with other people and improving the setup process. With Windows Vista you can now share folders and individual files with any other user on the same corporate network. From any explorer, select a file or folder and on the command bar choose the option to Share. Enter the name of another user on the same network, and give them appropriate rights of access—reader, co-owner, etc. To help close the loop, Windows Vista can even automatically compose an e-mail to the individuals with which you have shared the content. The auto-generated e-mail contains a hyperlink to the shared content, enabling the recipient to instantly be taken to the shared content

8. Create an XPS Document.

XPS documents are a new archiving format perfect for preserving content and for securely sharing information in an application independent way. To create an XPS document, open any document in virtually any application, and select the print option. In the printer selection menu, choose Microsoft XPS Document Writer, and save the file. Double click on the file, which should open it in the XPS Viewer, which is hosted by Internet Explorer 7. The XPS document is a pixel-perfect rendition of the original source material.

9. Speed up your PC's performance.

Windows Vista introduces a new concept for adding additional performance to a running system. Windows ReadyBoost™ lets people use flash memory on a USB 2.0 drive, SD Card, Compact Flash, or other memory form factor to provide additional memory cache—memory that the computer can access much more quickly than it can access data on the hard drive. Insert a USB 2.0 memory drive with at least 512 MB capacity. When prompted, click use this device to speed up my computer.

10. Recover a previous version of a document.

Windows Vista introduces a new feature: Previous Versions. This allows you to “roll back� the clock to an earlier version of a file that you may have accidentally saved over or edited. In the Documents Explorer, open a document, edit it, save it, and then close it. While selecting the document, choose the Previous Versions option on the command bar, which will bring up a list of previously saved versions of the individual file. Choose a previous version and Windows Vista will restore your file to that version. Careful: all edits since that version will be lost.

Vigeland Sculpture Park – Magnificent Obsession In Stone And Bronze

The Homeless Approach High Techs

Many people previously were afraid the poorest couldn’t buy computers and access Webs but the idea now is not completely correct. Charles Pitts, a 37-year-old San Franciscan, has accounts on Twitter, Facebook as well as MySpace, runs an Internet forum on Yahoo, reads news online and contacts friends via email though he only lives under a highway bridge for two years. Peter Brown, 47, has carried his Asus netbook everywhere since losing his apartment in July this year. Two men are typical representatives of those who still use high techs despite their homelessness. They also prove that the digital life is not just for rich people but everyone has equal rights to approach modern technologies.

Charles Pitts is using a laptop

Another mirror is Paul Weston, 29 years old. He considers his Macintosh PowerBook as a "lifeboat" since he was sacked in December and moved to a shelter. Weston sat in a Whole Foods store with free wireless access to search for work.

Using laptop is an effective way for the homeless to find a job (illustrating image)

Lisa Stringer, who runs a program that trains job and computer skills to homeless and low-income residents, said some people still buy laptops though they can\'t even read or write the word “save money”.

The homeless uses a laptop connected wifi (Illustrating image)

For Skip Schreiber, an amateur philosopher, spent his monthly disability check buying a laptop and shared that he liked the Internet’s concept because it is unlimited source of opinion and thought.

Skip Schreiber

Michael Ross, who has been homeless for about 15 years, possesses an HP laptop with a 17-inch screen and 320 gigabytes of data storage as well as four extra hard drives that can hold another 1,000 gigabytes, the equivalent of 200 DVDs.

The old homeless uses a laptop (Illustrating image)

Daniel Goodreau, 50, owns a Gateway’s laptop though he is homeless and jobless. This computer helps him to do one research about online services, download films and chat with his mother living in Baltimore. He now makes friends with 100 people on Facebook and goes to the Santa Fe Public Library for free computer use in 60 minutes.

Daniel Goodreau

Top Inspiringly Innovative Laptops of the Year 2010 Read more

2010 is coming to an end with the endless parade of year-in-review about triumphs and tragedies of all fields and products. The year 2010 marks the really good period about technology products. Among hundreds of new products this year, some make a big impact and achievements for human beings. With the explosion of netbooks, people may not lose sight of how impressive laptops have come in the past couple years. Laptops are no longer limited by their size. In fact, 2010 sees many “ultrathin” or “touchscreen” models which bridge the gap between the higher price range of laptops and the low end netbook prices. Let\'s review the top inspiringly innovative laptops of the year.

MacBook Air 2010

The MacBook Air features flash storage over conventional hard drives. The Apple product shows razor-thin design with 11.6-inch (30 cm) and lightning-quick boot times.

MacBook Air 2010 was inspired from iPad. The laptop weights 2.3 lb (1 kg) and has Multi-Touch support, high-resolution display and long-lasting battery.

Alienware M11x

Alienware M11x is considered to be the most interesting riff on the thin-and-light. Inside the compact Alienware M11z are 4GB of RAM, switchable NVIDIA GT335M GPU and ULV Core 2 Duo.

Alienware M11x starts with the price tag of $799; it is worth for any serious gamers.

Toshiba Libretto W100

Toshiba releases the dreamy Libretto W100 in summer 2010 which features dual-screen and keyboardless laptop. The limited-edition devices come with dual-core CULV 1.2GHz Intel Pentium U5400 processor.

Dual seven-inch capacitive touchscreen is the main attraction of the Toshiba Libretto W100. Most interestingly, the screen and the computer can function as both a standard laptop on horizon and a book on vertical.

Dell Inspiron Duo

Dell Inspiron Duo, the new breed of convertible netbooks, has 10-inch screen, the size of a C-format book and 1024 x 600 resolution screen.

Dell Inspiron Duo runs on Intel Atom 1.6 Ghz, 1Gb RAM and 120Gb hard drive. The laptop is also equipped with SD card reader, VGA out and Ethernet plug plus headphone.

Acer Iconia

Acer Iconia runs processes under Intel Core i5-480M (or 560M or 580M) with 4GB of DDR3 RAM. The laptop has 3G connection and HDMI included.

Acer Iconia is the small sensation from Acer Taiwanese manufacturer with two dual 14-inch touchscreen tablets. Interestingly, two screens can display the same content or different content according to users’ needs.